Solution

The study aimed to assess forest condition in Samboja Lestari by identifying the presence of key wildlife species – specifically mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles – as ecological indicators. Additionally, it sought to examine forest regeneration processes, document plant species of high conservation value and those that serve as potential food sources for orangutans and establish a phenology plot to monitor plant life cycles.

A phenology plot is an area where researchers track seasonal plant life cycle events – like leafing, flowering, and fruiting – to study responses to environmental changes and support conservation efforts, such as monitoring food availability for wildlife and forest regeneration.

Field survey activities (data collection) were conducted over 10 to 15 effective working days during the period between February and April 2024. Seven camera traps were deployed and were used for analysis, configured to take three photos per trigger, with a 3-second interval between shots. These cameras were mounted on tree trunks 0.6–1 m high, aimed at animal paths. Vegetation sampling was distributed across 12 rehabilitation areas and Secondary Forest areas, using a rapid assessment approach through direct field observations. The biodiversity assessment covered Mammals (small, large, and bats), Avifauna (birds), Herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles), and Vegetation analysis.

Impact

The biodiversity survey and natural regeneration observations at Samboja Lestari show that the area is recovering well. A wide range of wildlife has returned, including 21 mammal species, 5 types of bats, 67 bird species, and many reptiles and amphibians. Some of these animals are protected or listed as endangered, highlighting the importance of this restored habitat.

Bird life is becoming more diverse, especially in areas that have been restored for longer. Insect-eating birds were the most common, which is a good sign that the ecosystem is becoming more balanced, with natural roles like pest control and seed spreading returning. Plant life is also growing back, with more species appearing over time. Fast-growing trees like Macaranga and Ficus are helping attract wildlife and support forest growth.

Soil health is improving in older restoration areas, with softer soil, more topsoil, and higher levels of organic matter and nutrients – all important for a healthy forest. However, land that was once used for coal mining is still in poor shape, with hard, nutrient-poor soil and little natural plant growth. These areas will need special attention, such as adding nutrients and planting hardy tree species to get recovery started.

After more than 20 years of effort, Samboja Lestari has made great progress. The return of wildlife, healthier soil, and growing forests show that damaged land can be brought back to life with dedication and long-term care.

Following the survey, several practical steps are recommended to boost conservation and land restoration efforts at Samboja Lestari. First, regular wildlife monitoring should continue and expand to track changes in species populations, especially using camera traps and mist nets to observe elusive animals like mammals and bats. Birds, which are both diverse and abundant in the area, should be a key focus. Routine bird counts and involving local citizens in birdwatching activities can help with data collection and raise awareness.

Restoring former mining areas should be a top priority, as these zones need extra care. This includes improving soil health with compost or biochar, planting fast-growing native trees, and using assisted natural regeneration methods. Working closely with soil and plant experts will ensure these efforts are tailored to each site. It’s also important to improve habitat quality by planting more trees, creating wildlife corridors, and protecting buffer zones to help animals move safely through the landscape.

Protecting important species like sun bears, leopard cats, and mouse deer is also key. This can be done through anti-poaching patrols, education campaigns, and making sure their habitats are safe. Restoration should also include important plants – especially those used by orangutans. To support long-term success, a shared biodiversity database should be created so researchers and conservation teams can easily access monitoring data. Finally, involving local communities through restoration programs, education, and ecotourism can build a stronger connection to the land and ensure lasting support for Samboja Lestari’s recovery.